![]() Development of the visual system continues for the first 6 months of life. (“Infants can track their parent’s eyes and distinguish patterns they prefer complex patterns” is an accurate statement. Initiation and maintenance of respirations. Full function of the immune defense system at birth.ĭ. Closure of fetal shunts in the circulatory system.ī. The nurse assessing a newborn knows that the most critical physiologic change required of the newborn is:Ī. After the establishment of respirations, heat regulation is critical to newborn survival.) The infant relies on passive immunity received from the mother for the first 3 months of life. The cardiovascular system changes markedly after birth as a result of fetal respiration, which reduces pulmonary vascular resistance to the pulmonary blood flow and initiates a chain of cardiac changes that support the cardiovascular system. (The most critical adjustment of a newborn at birth is the establishment of respirations. The nurse explains that this is a common and temporary condition called: Vernix caseosa is a cheeselike, whitish substance that serves as a protective covering.)Ī new mother states that her infant must be cold because the baby’s hands and feet are blue. Half of the body is pale, and the other half is ruddy or bluish red with a line of demarcation. The harlequin sign is a benign, transient color change in newborns. Erythema toxicum (also called erythema neonatorum) is a transient newborn rash that resembles flea bites. Acrocyanosis is normal and appears intermittently over the first 7 to 10 days. (Acrocyanosis, or the appearance of slightly cyanotic hands and feet, is caused by vasomotor instability, capillary stasis, and a high hemoglobin level. The nurse recognizes these findings as a sign that the newborn probably has: While examining a newborn, the nurse notes uneven skin folds on the buttocks and a click when performing the Ortolani maneuver. Webbing, or syndactyly, is a fusing of the fingers or toes.) Clubfoot (talipes equinovarus) is a deformity in which the foot turns inward and is fixed in a plantar-flexion position. Polydactyly is the presence of extra digits. (The Ortolani maneuver is used to detect the presence of hip dysplasia. The nurse explains that these marks are called: She asks the nurse who spanked her daughter. A nevus flammeus, commonly called a port-wine stain, is most frequently found on the face.)Īn African-American woman noticed some bruises on her newborn girl’s buttocks. A vascular nevus, commonly called a strawberry mark, is a type of capillary hemangioma. Lanugo is the fine, downy hair seen on a term newborn. It is more commonly noted on the back and buttocks and most frequently is seen on infants whose ethnic origins are Mediterranean, Latin American, Asian, or African. (A Mongolian spot is a bluish black area of pigmentation that may appear over any part of the exterior surface of the body. Maintaining the newborn’s body temperature is important for preventing: Cold stress results in an increased respiratory rate and vasoconstriction.)Ī newborn is placed under a radiant heat warmer, and the nurse evaluates the infant’s body temperature every hour. (Loss of heat must be controlled to protect the infant from the metabolic and physiologic effects of cold stress, and that is the primary reason for placing a newborn under a radiant heat warmer. Abdominal with synchronous chest movements. A full-term newborn’s breathing pattern is predominantly:Ī. Part of the health assessment of a newborn is observing the infant’s breathing pattern. Infant breaths are not deep with a regular rhythm.) Diaphragmatic breathing with chest retraction is a sign of respiratory distress. Breathing with nasal flaring is a sign of respiratory distress. ![]() ![]() (In normal infant respiration the chest and abdomen rise synchronously, and breaths are shallow and irregular. ![]() The nurse knows that breastfeeding is effective during the first 30 minutes after birth because this is the: The nurse suggests that the woman place the infant to her breast within 15 minutes after birth. The second period of reactivity occurs roughly between 4 and 8 hours after birth, after a period of prolonged sleep.)Ī woman gave birth to a healthy 7-pound, 13-ounce infant girl. There is no such phase as the organizational stage. The transition period is the phase between intrauterine and extrauterine existence. The infant is highly alert during this phase. ![]() (The first period of reactivity is the first phase of transition and lasts up to 30 minutes after birth. ![]()
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